Conception of Professionalism and Horizons in Acupuncture Sciences in Students of the Degree in Human Rehabilitation Acupuncture

The curricularization of the extension in the Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture axis is of great importance due to the health need that exists in the State of Mexico. The objective of this work was to evaluate the conception of professionalism and horizons in Acupuncture Sciences that the students of the Bachelor of Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture have in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh semesters of the State University of Valle de Ecatepec. Material and methods: An exploratory analysis was carried out in which a questionnaire of 10 open questions focused on the conception of professionalism was used for all students from the fourth to the seventh semester, later an analysis of the keywords of each question was made. to determine the words that had the highest degree of coincidence. The results: (P1) professionalism is related to having the necessary knowledge and correctly practicing acupuncture and rehabilitation; (P2) Knowledge and correct practice of the profession are characteristics of a good professional in Acupuncture; (P3) Knowledge, empathy and a good diagnosis are important skills that a graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture must have; (P4) Acupuncture as a degree is perceived as interesting, preventive and an excellent career; (P5) For the students, being licensed in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture means helping; (P6) The skills that the students have developed during their training as graduates in human acupuncture and rehabilitation are observation, the ability to help, acupuncture support techniques, analysis, correct diagnosis and development of critical thinking; (P7) Acupuncture is viewed in 20 years as complementary and nationally and internationally recognized; (P8) The biosciences have an impact on the training as a graduate in rehabilitative human acupuncture so that they can integrate the knowledge acquired, understand the human body and give scientific support to acupuncture; (P9) The field of work in which the students are visualized is in an independent office; (P10) The area in which the students surveyed would like to specialize is rehabilitation and do a master's degree to broaden their knowledge.


INTRODUCTION
Professionalism is a quality that must always be questioned by all those who pursue a secular career, but especially if it is in the area of health, since professionals who develop in this field must carry out their activities to the highest degree. of responsibility, expertise, and seriousness possible.(Antonio F., 2022), this must be progressive, however, it is imperative that it be forged from the first years of the degree since it is You will build for professional practice, where your ability to solve problems, good judgment and sense of justice will be put to the test.This is why education in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture should assume the responsibility of building a professional identity from the first years of the degree, promoting new and better teaching strategies and teamwork for problem solving, critical thinking, complex thinking, this without mentioning the communicative competences useful for professional practice, Antonio F., (2022) mentions that professionalism is part of the integral formation that implies guiding the sense of the process towards the full development of the potentialities of the human being, this means an education that allows the Acupuncturist to develop their talents and capacities to the degree that each one can take responsibility for himself and his praxis.
The importance of students in Human Acupuncture conceptualizing professionalism and practicing it is because until a few years ago Human Acupuncture was considered an "alternative" therapy, it was frowned upon by doctors and specialists in the public and private health sector, since it has not yet Evidence-based medicine did not exist, nor was it supported by research that explained its mechanism of action.It was not until the 1980s that Mexican doctors and specialists had to travel to China to carry out courses and specialization, upon their return they are the ones who disseminate and consolidate therapeutics as a study plan at the National Polytechnic Institute (Caloca García, S.C., 2008).It is here where acupuncture begins to make its way as a complementary therapy accepted by allopathic doctors, since until then only they could apply it, however it was not enough, so conventional and non-conventional doctors joined their efforts so that acupuncture was normalized and more professionals from health could apply it responsibly.In the year 1998, the Draft Standard for the regulation of acupuncture in the country was published in the Official Gazette of the Nation, which was a great achievement since many people who advertised themselves as traditional doctors did not have the necessary basic knowledge of anatomy.and physiology, as well as the basic fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine and were applying this technique.At present, according to NOM-017-SSA3-2012, acupuncture can be applied by a health professional who has a professional title, professional certificate issued by a recognized institution, in particular the doctor specialized in human acupuncture, the doctor general, graduate in medical acupuncture and comprehensive rehabilitation as well as specialists in other branches of medicine, medical odontalgia, comprehensive rehabilitation, homologous academic level, each in their respective fields of application (SEGOB, 2012) .The importance of knowing how Acupuncture entered Mexico among one of the most widely used complementary therapies is so that students are aware of the responsibility they have in their hands by being part of a career such as the Bachelor's Degree in Human Rehabilitation Acupuncture, since professional practice It opens the way for new generations of students to practice, which must be done with ethics and professionalism.

School dropout in higher education
University school dropout turns out to be a topic of interest for researchers, since there are no clear theoretical parameters that define its concept, it is difficult to create strategies and actions that reduce this social phenomenon, however, it could be said that school dropout is simply the decision made by the student enrolled the previous or current year not to continue their studies without having transferred from another school (Rochin Berumen, F.L., 2021).
Dropout is multifactorial and can negatively influence the lives of students who have decided to drop out, this because it generates in the individual a feeling of frustration and abandonment of a dream, but this not only has an impact on the student, but also on the family and in society.Román, MC, (2013) affirms that the main factors of school dropout are financial, family and academic performance.Speaking a bit about the economic factor, the student sees his reality as the inability to meet the expenses generated by university life, whether private or public.In this case, sometimes the government can offer scholarships and financial support, however, these resources do not reach all students who really need it.Regarding private institutions, it is paradoxical to think that the institutions are aware of this and at the same time their costs are very high and this promotes desertion.
Another important factor is the family, because it is known that the family is one of the institutions that keep a society strong, however, currently the rate of divorces and dysfunctional families is very high.According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, 2022) during the year 2021 there were 149,234 divorces nationwide, the State of Mexico maintained a rate of 10% in relation to the previous year.This shows that the environment in which young university students are currently developing is not favorable, since situations like these make them lose emotional stability, causing their academic performance to decrease.And speaking of academic performance, this can be defined as the set of causal factors for the correct development of the student's academic life, including sociodemographic, psychosocial, pedagogical, institutional and socioeconomic without Nava et al.

Journal of Humanities and Education Development (JHED)
J. Humanities Educ.Dev.-5(2)-2023 mentioning the impact of motivation, self-esteem, the teacher etc (Garbanzo Vargas, G., 2013).It represents a strategic indicator for the assessment of educational quality since it reveals the efficiency and quality of the institutions and the curricular plans that they have, of course this depends a lot on teacher and student evaluations.Although the impact of psychosocial aspects must be taken into account, since they act as a pairing of interrelation with the student, since their environment will directly affect their behavior and self-esteem, which is why it is recommended that institutions ensure the mental health of their students.students offering services that can help their emotional development, stress management and thus improve academic performance and prevent school dropout.Meanwhile, the socioeconomic impact that exists is greater, because the more years of schooling a country, state or entity has, the lower the incidence of poverty (Garbanzo Vargas, G., 2013).

The university as a trainer of human capital
If things are done well and the first time we refer to "quality", if an individual performs his work with quality, skill, applies knowledge and also develops his skills correctly, then we speak of a person who is "professional" and is precisely what companies and educational institutions are looking for, to train professionals and individuals trained to expertly exercise their skills in the workplace, and this is called development of human capital or human resources, now, this is something intangible, that is to say , this capital cannot be touched, spent, or consumed, rather it is a resource that has to do with the training plans of the institutions and that the role played by the staff is optimal, in this case the student (Gallego Giraldo, C., Naranjo Herrera, C., 2020).Higher education institutions are trainers of human capital, since they focus on constantly training the individual, they ensure that the knowledge acquired is put into practice and later it is exercised correctly, so that in this way there is a positive reward, be it social, personal or institutionally.In general, human capital is made up of the knowledge, values, skills and attitudes of people (Gallego Giraldo, C., Naranjo Herrera, C., 2020), that is, it is the knowledge that each individual possesses and develops throughout of his academic life and in his professional career, as well as qualities that he possesses, for example, honesty, trustworthiness, loyalty, etc.All these factors, as already mentioned, are a contribution to the company or institution, and in terms of individuals who have great talent, innate abilities, solid values, and education, they constitute greater human capital.Now, let's think about the Ecatepec Valley State University and how it contributes to the development and formation of human capital, well, a few years ago the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture was founded and since then the work of training has not stopped.trained health professionals, with moral value and professional ethics.The University, in addition to having an extensive curricular value, also has a program focused on offering follow-up to graduates, and is focused on an evaluation of the quality of the training offered by the university that allows to know in which labor fields they are develop, how their professional performance has been, and most importantly, they take their opinion into account in order to develop an educational plan (UNEVE a , 2023).It also seeks constant training since UNEVE organizes two meetings with graduates each year, academic and job placement.
Another way in which the University forms human capital is its Continuing Education, this is a planned, systematized and programmed activity that allows the expansion of knowledge and feedback as it encourages personal and professional improvement in both teachers, students, graduates and graduates.that allows updating professional skills to significantly influence the workplace because more knowledge is acquired, new and better skills are developed, and greater skill in the knowledge that was already had.This with the purpose that students can be able to meet the demand in the labor, technological and scientific research fields efficiently (UNEVE b , 2023).

Student Profile of the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture
Based on scientific and technological advances, the economic and social situation, health professionals must meet certain characteristics that mark their professional profile to offer comprehensive care to each patient.The knowledge and understanding of the basic sciences, social sciences, as well as a clear vision of what is responsibility, justice, ethics and deontology which refers to the duties and principles that affect a profession, place the student in a standard High performance and professionalism.In this sense, any health professional should be able to recognize the situations and problems that influence the patient's health and thus seek the maintenance, conservation, development and restoration of their health through a good performance of professional activities (Gaviria Uribe, A., Correa Serna, L., Dávila Guerrero, C., et al., 2016) The objective of the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture is to contribute socially with expert health professionals in the field of acupuncture with ethicalhumanistic principles, social responsibility and sensitivity and through comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatments, and the student profile is on the way to it.
The student profile refers to the characteristics and competencies that the student must meet once graduating from the career, in a few words it reflects the ideal student who will be able to transmit their knowledge and values acquired by the institution.The importance of students meeting the Bachelor's degree profile is that they will practice Acupuncture with professionalism and in turn make the Bachelor's Degree in Human Rehabilitation Acupuncture recognized as the best treatment option in first-level care.
The graduate profile of the Bachelor's Degree is as follows: Health professional with knowledge of biosciences, theoretical-practical foundations in Traditional Chinese Medicine and physical therapy, ethical-humanist attitudes that allow him to carry out a clinical diagnosis supported by mechanical postural-neurological evaluation, to the integral therapeutic structuring according to the model of Rehabilitation acupuncture with preventive, curative and rehabilitation purposes, thereby contributing to the wellbeing of the patient (UNEVE a , 2023).

Instrument used
An exploratory analysis (

Study population
The participation of the students of the Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture Degree from the Ecatepec Valley State University was free and voluntary, the questions were answered in an average time of 30 minutes per group.

Analysis of data
The analysis of the data obtained was carried out with a qualitative approach to respect the perspectives of each student using the constant comparative method (Glaser B., Strauss A., 1967; Antonio F., 2022).To synthesize the answers, the evaluators carefully analyzed the coherence, relevance and clarity of the answer, underlining the keyword that answered the question precisely, with this a list of keywords of all the answers was prepared.
The organization of the information was compiled in the Excel program, the key words were recorded by question, that is, the ones that were repeated the most and those that specifically answered the questions, then they were organized in alphabetical order to know how many words were repeated.This counting method made it possible to create tables where the keywords and the number of times they were repeated were organized.Finally, each question was graphed according to the corresponding table (Avendaño Gómez, A., Castellanos Moreno, F.J., Colín López, C.R., 2017).

III. III. RESULTS
The questionnaire was applied to a total of 123 students, and the sample of the fourth semester group was 37 students, of which 81% were women and 19% were men, the fifth semester was 23 students, 83% they were women and 17% men, in the sixth semester there were 52 students, 85% are women and 15% are men, and in the seventh semester there were 11 students, 64% were women and 36% men.The percentage of women participating in all groups was 81%, considerably higher than the percentage of men with 19% (figure 1).P1.What does the term professionalism mean to you?
Of the total number of students who received the questionnaire, the question about the meaning of the term professionalism was answered by 100% (n: 123) of those surveyed.Based on this analysis, the responses categorized with the highest frequency index were 2: "knowledge" and "exercise correctly", in this case because both obtained a greater number of coincidences among the other terms, knowledge obtained 11 coincidences (n: 37 ) in the fourth semester group, 5 coincidences (n: 28) in the seventh semester group, while "exercising correctly" obtained 6 coincidences (n: 23) in the fifth semester and 15 coincidences (n: 52) in the sixth semester (figure 2).Among the words with the least coincidence and those that were excluded were: Having a good attitude, love of career, learning, self-confidence, having empathy, providing good care, helping, applying knowledge, being ethical, and being responsible.The analysis of the first question concludes that the students associate that having sufficient knowledge is necessary to be a professional, as well as the fact of exercising correctly, which involves good practice with the use of knowledge and the necessary tools for a comprehensive and effective for patients.Most of the students do not attribute professionalism as a personal or ideal achievement, rather they attribute it to the ability of the professional to acquire valuable information for the practice of the profession while reasoning and analyzing it.100% (n: 123) of the students answered this question about the characteristics of a good professional in Acupuncture, provided in the form of a list a series of qualities and characteristics that they consider important, however, the categorized characteristics were: "knowledge" and "exercise correctly", in the analysis of the second question it was concluded that students give a lot of value or importance to knowledge, learning new things and above all being able to put it into practice when they refer to correctly exercising what they have learned.The fourth semester group obtained 16 matches (n: 37), fifth semester 6 matches (n: 23), sixth semester 21 matches (n: 52).Seventh semester coincided 3 (n: 28) times in which correctly practicing the profession is an important characteristic to be a good professional in Acupuncture (figure 3).However, among other characteristics that were mentioned and were excluded because they did not have a high coincidence index, they are: empathy, honesty, respect, responsible, observant, passionate, kind, humble, committed, offering a dignified treatment, ethics, providing a good service (figure 3.1).
Once again, the student assumes the knowledge and correctly exercises the profession as part of being a professional, this reveals the great responsibility and commitment that the Bachelor's Degree has as a career to provide sufficient knowledge so that students, once they graduate, feel the confidence and security to apply responsibly their acquired knowledge, although it is true that knowledge is an invaluable and unlimited faculty, continuous improvement in education issues must always be taken into account.Talking about the answers that were not categorized, but that is why they are no less relevant, it is concluded that students recognize qualities such as empathy, honesty, humility, kindness and respect as important characteristics that an acupuncture professional must have, it is worth mentioning that these qualities They are particularly necessary in any professional in the health area.The 99.3% (n: 121) of the students answered this question about the most important abilities that a Graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture should have, the categorized responses were: "knowledge", "empathy" and "good diagnosis".The fourth semester group agreed 12 times (n: 37) that the most important characteristic is knowledge, the fifth semester agreed 7 times (n: 23) that empathy is one of the most important abilities as a Graduate in Human Acupuncture , the sixth semester agreed 23 times (n: 52) as well as the fourth semester that knowledge is important; finally, the seventh semester agreed 4 times (n: 28) that a good diagnosis is an important characteristic (figure 4).Among the answers with the lowest incidence and that were excluded are: cognitive ability, analysis, good treatment, use of support techniques, friendly.The analysis of the results obtained from the third question showed that the students consider that a good diagnosis is a capacity that must be developed during the degree, since good treatment and management of the disease depend on it, if they do so their confidence in themselves will increase, while little by little they develop the ability to empathize with others.The acquisition of knowledge is one of the most important capacities for the students, since it depends on this that the Graduate in Acupuncture makes a good diagnosis and later a good treatment, together with the empathy that will improve the doctor-patient relationship.The 99.5% (n: 121) of the students answered the question about the perception of acupuncture as a Bachelor's degree, the answers that were categorized were: "excellent degree", "interesting" and "preventive".The fourth semester group agreed 8 times (n: 37) that it was an "excellent degree", the fifth semester agreed 6 times (n: 23) that it is an interesting degree, the sixth semester agreed 12 times (n: 52) that it is a preventive medicine like the seventh semester that coincided 3 times (n: 28) (figure 5).Among other answers that were not categorized were: complementary medicine, it is not well recognized, noble, complete, innovative and comprehensive.The analysis of the fourth question concluded that students perceive the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture as an excellent degree, it is interesting and preventive.P5.What does it mean to you to be a good Graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture?
The 99.3% (n: 121) of students answered this question and the word with the highest coincidence rate was "help".Fourth semester coincided 13 times (n: 37), fifth semester 12 times (n: 23), sixth semester 20 times (n: 52), seventh semester 4 times (n: 28) (figure 6).Among other words that were mentioned were: understanding the disease, providing good service, curing, preventing, providing good treatment.The analysis of the fifth question concluded that for the students being a good graduate in Human Acupuncture means being able to help people and offer them well-being, the meaning of "help" is to make an effort, it is to put the means to achieve something (RAE, 2023) and to be able to offer that help, it is necessary to have the necessary means, including the knowledge that has already been seen is something very precious to students and of great value.
The Graduate in Acupuncture must meet a humanist profile that allows him to connect and empathize with patients, because the career demands it.How else could one be a good health professional if the main intention is not to want to help patients find their well-being and improve their lifestyle, help prevent, help manage physical and emotional pain.The 99.2% (n:121) of the respondents answered this question, the categorized answers were: "observation", "help", "support techniques", "analysis", "diagnose" and "critical thinking".Fourth semester coincided 8 times (n: 37) in which they have developed the ability to observe, fifth semester coincided 11 times (n: 23) in which they have developed the ability to help others, sixth semester coincided 12 times (n: 52 ) in which they have developed the various support techniques offered by human acupuncture for comprehensive treatment and the seventh semester coincided twice (n: 28) (figure 7) in which they have developed the ability to analyze each clinical case, understanding that it is the patient who should be treated but not the disease, make a correct diagnosis based on the signs, symptoms and clinical history of the patient as well as the development of critical thinking based on scientific foundations, knowledge and experience, since in this degree the Students carry out professional practices and are constantly evaluated and given feedback compared to fourth or fifth semester students.
P7.According to your criteria, how do you visualize the Bachelor's degree in 20 years?
The 99.2% (n:121) of the respondents responded to this question and the answers that were categorized were: "recognized" and "complement".Fourth semester obtained 10 coincidences (n: 37), fifth semester obtained 8 coincidences (n: 23), sixth semester 16 coincidences (n: 52) and seventh semester 3 coincidences together with the word complement (n: 28) (figure 8).The analysis of question seven concluded that according to the criteria of the students, the interpretation given is that currently the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture is not widely recognized, they hope that in 20 years it will obtain greater recognition at the national and international level.international.While others agreed that they see acupuncture as a therapeutic complement, although it is true that this is now a reality.Among other words with less coincidence were: wide demand, applied in public hospitals, greater scientific research, progressing, greater labor field, among others.
The importance of knowing what the criteria of the students is about how they visualize the Bachelor's degree in the future is to mark the areas of opportunity in which they should work as a career.graduate.If we compare the answers, we can conclude that it is important for the four groups to understand the human body because if they do so, they will be able to develop a greater capacity for analysis and critical thinking in terms of solving clinical cases and visualizing the disease, while the students In the seventh semester, biosciences help them integrate knowledge, since it is in this grade where clinical practice begins in greater intensity, as well as the importance of relying on biosciences for the development of scientific research that contributes to effectiveness. of acupuncture.The 90.32% (n: 121) of the respondents responded to this question, the categorized response was summarized as "independent clinic", fourth semester coincided 18 times (n: 37), fifth semester 16 times (n: 23), sixth semester 21 times (n: 52) and the seventh semester coincided 7 times (n: 28) (figure 10).Among other answers were: rehabilitation center, hospital, teaching, scientific research, private clinic.
The analysis of question nine concluded that it is important to know if the student knows his field of work or areas of opportunity, it allows teachers and collaborators to implement strategies to inform and strengthen students who wish to start their own business in this area.According to the Labor Field according to UNEVE, it is mainly the formation of an own office, a comprehensive care clinic with Rehabilitation acupuncture.Collaboration in comprehensive care clinics, rehabilitation clinics, private units where they offer integrative therapy services (UNEVE c , 2023).92.74% (n: 121) of students answered this question, the answers that were categorized were: "rehabilitation" and "master's degree".The fourth semester coincided 9 times (n: 37) that they would like to specialize in the area of rehabilitation, the same as the seventh semester that coincided 6 times (n: 28), while the fifth and sixth semester agreed that they would like to complete a master's degree to complement their academic training, fifth coincided 6 times (n: 23) and sixth 19 times (n: 52) (figure 11).Among other answers were: sports medicine, phytotherapy, pediatrics, psychomotricity, obstetrics, acupuncture, doctorate, scientific research.
The analysis of question ten concluded that most of the students would like to specialize in rehabilitation because it is an area that meets the knowledge acquired during the degree, in addition students who are in the fifth, sixth and seventh semester have already had the experience of to be in the Integral University Clinic in the areas of acupuncture and rehabilitation.On the other hand, it is worth noting the interest they show in expanding their knowledge by completing a master's degree.

IV. CONCLUSIONS
The students of the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture associate that having sufficient knowledge is necessary to be a professional, as well as the fact of exercising correctly, which involves good practice with the use of knowledge and the necessary tools for a comprehensive and effective treatment.for the patients.Most of the students do not attribute professionalism as a personal or ideal achievement, rather they attribute it to the ability of the professional to acquire valuable information for the practice of the profession while reasoning and analyzing it.
The Graduate in Acupuncture must meet a humanist profile that allows him to connect and empathize with patients, since the career prepares them for such a task.How else could one be a good health professional if the main intention is not to want to help patients find their well-being, improve their lifestyle, help prevent, help manage physical and emotional pain.

Fig. 1 .
Fig.1.Total, population participating in the study in which 81% are female and 19% male.

Fig. 2 .
Fig.2.P1.What does the term professionalism mean to you?The students agreed that knowing and exercising correctly is part of professionalism.

Fig. 3 .
Fig.3.P2.In your opinion, what are the characteristics of a good professional in Acupuncture?

Fig. 4 .
Fig.4.P3.In your opinion, what are the most important capacities that a Graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture should have?

Fig. 5 .
Fig.5.P4.What perception do you have about acupuncture as a Bachelor?It is an excellent degree, interesting and preventive.

Fig. 6 .
Fig.6.P5.What does it mean to you to be a good Graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture?For students it means helping people by offering the necessary means to achieve it.

Fig. 7 .Fig. 8 .
Fig.7.P6.What skills have you developed during your training in the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture?They have developed skills such as observation, the ability to help, acupuncture support techniques, analysis, correct diagnosis and development of critical thinking.

Fig. 9 .
Fig.9.P8.How do biosciences impact training as a graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture?They are essential to understand the human body, they help to integrate the knowledge that is already had and they are the base to give a scientific support to acupuncture.

Fig. 10 .
Fig.10.P9.Where do you see yourself in your field of work when you graduate from the Bachelor's Degree in RehabilitationHuman Acupuncture?Most of the respondents answered that they are viewed in an independent office.

Fig. 11 .
Fig.11.Q10 At the end of your studies, in what area would you like to specialize?The rehabilitation area is a good option for specialization as well as the master's degree.
According to your criteria, how do you visualize the Bachelor's degree in 20 years?, 8).How do biosciences impact training as a graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture?At the end of your studies, in what area would you like to specialize?.
Antonio F., 2022)was carried out at the Ecatepec Valley State University located at Av. Central s/n, Valle de Anáhuac, 55210.Ecatepec de Morelos, Mex.A questionnaire was applied to students of the Degree in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture who were in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh semester in cycle 23-1, the applied questionnaire includes 10 open questions: 1).What does the term professionalism mean to you?, 2).In your opinion, what are the characteristics of a good professional in Acupuncture?, 3).In your opinion, what are the most important capacities that a Graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture should have?, 4).What perception do you have about acupuncture as a Bachelor?, 5).What does it mean to you to be a Graduate in Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture?, 6).What skills have you developed during your training in the Rehabilitation Human Acupuncture Degree?, 7).