Employee Commitment: The Relationship between Employee Commitment and Job Satisfaction

The aim of the current study is to examine the association between employee commitment and job satisfaction at selected private universities in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Organizational commitment predicts work variables, for example, turnover, hierarchical citizenship conduct, and employment execution. A percentage of the elements, for example, part stretch, strengthening, work shakiness and employability, and appropriation of authority have been appeared to be associated with a laborer's feeling of organizational commitment. This research was carried out at the three different private universities. A quantitative method was used to gather relevant information regarding the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The results revealed that all three independent factors are correlated with job satisfaction. The result can be used as a guiding method for the university’s management to increase their employees’ commitment. Job satisfaction has a positive relation with employee commitment if employees are satisfied, they are organizationally committed we found that job satisfaction has a positive impact on employee commitment.


INTRODUCTION
Organizational commitment is t is the individual's mental connection to the organization. The premise behind huge numbers of these studies was to discover approaches to enhance how specialists feel about their works so that these laborers would turn out to be more dedicated to their organization. Organizational commitment predicts work variables, for example, turnover, hierarchical citizenship conduct, and employment execution. A percentage of the elements, for example, part stretch, strengthening, work shakiness and employability, and appropriation of authority have been appeared to be associated with a laborer's feeling of organizational commitment (Abdullah & Othman, 2019). could be for a host of reasons right from financial costs of salary and benefits to social costs of ties and reputation. Such an employee stays with the organization because he or she is tied in ).
Normative commitment: There is an obligatory notion at play here. The employee feels to return the value commitments made in him/ her by the organization . The loyalty aspect is strong-either due to individualized value perceptions that direct behavior or due to social norms that apply to the context and relate with the environment the organization belongs to (Sultan et al. 2020).
Job satisfaction is an issue for all organizations regardless of whether in broad daylight or private organizations or working advanced or immature countries the idea of job satisfaction has been created from numerous points of view by a wide range of scientists and experts (Abdullah & Othman,2015). A standout amongst the most broadly utilized definitions as a part of authoritative exploration is that of ) who characterizes job satisfaction as "a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences (Top & Ali, 2021). Others have characterized it as just how content an individual is with his or her job; whether he or she prefers the employment or not. It is evaluated at both the worldwide level (regardless of whether the individual is fulfilled by the job overall), or at the feature level (regardless of whether the individual is fulfilled by various parts of the job). (Anwar & Abd Zebari, 2015) records 14 basic aspects: (Ismael et al. 2021) Gratefulness, Correspondence, Colleagues, Incidental advantages, job conditions, Nature of the work, organizations, Self-improvement, Strategies and systems (Demir et al. 2020), Advancement opportunities, Acknowledgment, Security, and Supervision. A later definition of the concept of job satisfaction is from (Anwar & Surarchith, 2015), who have noticed that job satisfaction incorporates multidimensional mental reactions to an individual's job, and that these individual reactions have psychological (evaluative), full of feeling (or passionate), and behavioral components. Job satisfaction scales change in the degree to which they survey the emotional sentiments about the job or the subjective appraisal of the job . Affective job satisfaction is a subjective develop speaking to an enthusiastic feeling people have about their job ). Thus, emotional employment fulfillment for people mirrors the level of joy or bliss their employment all in all instigates. Intellectual occupation fulfillment is a more target and intelligent assessment of different features of a vocation . Intellectual occupation fulfillment can be onedimensional on the off chance that it includes assessment of only one aspect of an occupation, for example, pay or maternity leave, or multidimensional if two or more features of a vocation are all the while assessed. Subjective occupation (Khan & Abdullah, 2019) fulfillment does not evaluate the level of delight or joy that emerges from particular employment features, yet rather gages the degree to which those occupation aspects are judged by the occupation holder to be attractive in examination with targets they themselves set or with different occupations . While psychological employment fulfillment may achieve emotional occupation fulfillment, the two builds are unmistakable, not as a matter of course specifically related, and have distinctive predecessors and consequences .

Research problem
In this research which is between organizational commitment and job satisfaction we will try to show the relations and the impact of employees' commitment to job satisfaction and how much is an employee satisfied while he/she is committed to the job and the show that every committed employee is stifled or not, and we will try to study the degree various factors contribute to their level of commitment, is really important to boosting up their satisfaction?

Research questions
Below are the main research questions:

Organizational Commitment
The business organizations know about the significance of employee commitment and its part in motivating employees. The motivation behind this study was to recognize the effect of Employees' Commitment on supported efficiency in universities in Kurdistan Employee commitment is the psychological attachment and the resulting loyalty of an employee to an organization (Anwar, 2016). In today's competitive world each organization is confronting new difficulties in regards to maintained efficiency and creating committed workforce (Andavar et al. 2020 According to Meyer and Allen (1997) All the three segments in particular Affective Commitment that is mental connection to organization; Continuance Commitmentcosts connected with leaving the organization; and Normative Commitment-saw commitment to stay with the association have suggestions for the proceeding with investment of the person in the organization (Abdullah, 2018). The higher a employee's level of instruction is, the lower that individual's level of organizational commitment Continuation commitment alludes to an individual's awareness of the expense to leave the organization . The counterpart to affective organizational commitment is continuance organizational commitment, which considers the idea that individuals do not leave a company for fear of losing their benefits, taking a pay cut, and not being able to find another job . Continuation commitment is an auxiliary marvel which happens as a consequence of the exchanges of people and organizations (Yang, 2008). At that point, continuance commitment is identified with one's experience and what one has given to an organization. There is accordingly trouble in "surrendering it" and the obscure "open door expense" of leaving the organization or having few or no options. In addition, Meyer et al. (1993) expressed that aptitudes and instruction are not effortlessly exchanged to other organization which tends to expand laborers' dedication to their present organization. Continuation responsibility connected with the experience that has been given to the organization (Anwar & Abd Zebari, 2015). Representatives with a high managed duty think that it's hard to leave the association as a result of apprehension of the open-door cost borne when leaving the organization or on the grounds that they have next to zero option opportunities outside the organization (Anwar & Surarchith, 2015). The individuals who stay inside of their organization with a solid continuance commitment are there in light of the fact that they require it. Continuance commitment reflects financial binds to the organization taking into account the expenses connected with leaving the organization. Research into continuance commitment proposes that this part comprises of two related submeasurements: giving up of one's own priorities and saw absence of options . In other words, employee will remain in the organization because there are no other job alternatives outside the organization or because it is not accepted elsewhere (Anwar, 2016).
Normative commitment refers to loyalty and a sense of debt to the organization based on moral obligation and usually develops as a result of socialization practices and based on a sense of duty and loyalty (Abdulla et al. 2017). Normative commitment explains the employees with strong normative commitment will remain with an organization by virtue of their belief that it is the "right and moral" thing to do (Anwar & Balcioglu, 2016 2015) talked about these distinctions. As a rule, in this way, job satisfaction alludes to a man's valuable powerful reaction to a specific occupation. As indicated by this methodology in spite of the fact that job satisfaction is affected by numerous outside elements, it remains something inward that needs to do with the way how the worker feels. That is job satisfaction shows an arrangement of variables that bring about a sentiment fulfillment. Vroom in his definition on job satisfaction concentrates on the part of the worker in the work environment. Subsequently he characterizes job satisfaction as full of feeling introductions with respect to people toward work parts which they are in a matter of seconds involving (Anwar & Abd Zebari, 2015). According to Anwar & Surarchith, (2015) people show pleasurable inspirational states of mind when they are fulfilled by their employment. It is a full of feeling response to a job that outcomes from the individual's correlation of real results with those that are coveted, foreseen or merited. Be that as it may, the aftereffects of the numerous studies concerning the relationship between job satisfaction and the sex of the representatives have been conflicting . Job satisfaction speaks to a blend of positive or negative emotions that laborers have towards their work. In the interim, when a specialist utilized in a business organization, carries with it the necessities, yearnings and encounters which determinates desires that he has released. Job satisfaction speaks to the degree to which desires are and coordinate the genuine honors. Job satisfaction is firmly connected to that individual's conduct in the work place (Anwar, 2016). Herzberg et al. (1959) characterized the best known prevalent "hypothesis of job satisfaction". Their two-component hypothesis recommends that representatives have for the most part two sorts of requirements, recorded as hygiene and motivation (Abdulla et al. 2017). Hygiene components are the necessities that might be exceptionally fulfilled by some specific conditions called hygiene variables (disappoints, for example, supervision, interpersonal relations, physical working conditions, compensation, advantages, and so forth. One basic clarification for the distinctive level of work satisfaction at times reported for men and ladies is that ladies have diverse desires with respect to work (Anwar & Balcioglu, 2016). Job satisfaction is a specialist's feeling of accomplishment and accomplishment at work. It is by and large seen to be straightforwardly connected to profitability and additionally to individual prosperity. Work fulfillment infers doing some work one appreciates, doing it well and being compensated for one's endeavors. Job satisfaction further infers excitement and satisfaction with one's work. Job satisfaction is the key fixing that prompts acknowledgment, salary, advancement, and the accomplishment of different objectives that prompt a sentiment satisfaction (Hameed & Anwar, 2018). Anwar & Ghafoor, (2017) meaning of job satisfaction as a disposition that people have about their employments. It results from their impression of their employments and the extent to which there is solid match between the people and the associations. It was uncovered that professions were of focal significance to men however not as vital to women (Anwar & Climis, 2017). Job satisfaction can be characterized likewise as the degree to which a laborer is content with the prizes, he or she escapes his or her employment, especially as far as inborn inspiration (Anwar & Qadir, 2017). The term job satisfactions allude to the demeanor and emotions individuals have about their work. Positive and ideal demeanors towards the employment demonstrate job satisfaction. Negative and unfavorable demeanors towards the employment show job dissatisfaction (Anwar & Louis, 2017). Along these lines chiefs ought to be worried with the level of satisfaction in their organization and a definitive go for the individuals who arrange and control laborers is dissatisfaction . Job satisfaction is the accumulation of feeling and convictions that individuals have about their present place of employment. Individuals' levels of degrees of occupation fulfillment can go from extreme satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction. In addition, having dispositions about their jobs in general. Individuals additionally can have states of mind about different parts of their jobs, for example, the sort of work they do, their colleagues, managers or subordinates and their pay . We consider that job satisfaction speaks to an inclination that shows up as a consequence of the recognition that the job enables the material and mental needs ).

Affective commitment
Affective commitment identifies with the number of employees need to stay at their organization. In the event that an employee is affectively committed to their organization, it implies that they want to stay at their organization . They commonly relate to the organizational goals, feel that they fit into the organization and are fulfilled by their work. Employees who are affectively committed feel esteemed, go about as representatives for their organization and are for the most part extraordinary resources for organization. If you have a high level of affective commitment(Abdullah & Othman, 2016), you enjoy your relationship with the organization and are likely to stay (Abdullah & Othman, 2021). You stay because you want to stay. An employee of a business who displays affective commitment to their company will often identify strongly with the company and its objectives, and might turn down offers to move to a new company, even if they seem more attractive financially (Anwar & Abdullah, 2021).

Normative commitment
Normative commitment refers to the commitment or obligation that the individual feels because of the advantages, for example, preparing, training, and learning opportunities, profession development given by the organization to the person. The sentiment commitment makes the individual more dedicated as the inclination that the organization has contributed on the individual makes him stay in the organization to "reimburse the obligation" the worker stays with the organization in standardizing responsibility since he "ought to" .

Continuous commitment
Continuous commitment which demonstrates the risk to the person of specific losses that the employee would cause if they somehow managed to leave organization. Here the dedication of the representative to the organization is because of the reason that the choice of quitting from the Hassan Mahmood Aziz et al.

Journal of Humanities and Education Development (JHED) 3(3)-2021
https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed organization is excessive for the worker. He/she sees high cost from losing the enrollment of the organization. This expense incorporates the (monetary cost, for example, annuity and (social cost, for example, (fellowship with the collaborators. There is more commitment to the organization in duration duty since he she "needs to" (Anwar & Abd Zebari, 2015).

Job satisfaction
Job satisfaction is crucial problem for all organization regardless of whether out in the open or private organization or working in cutting edge or immature nations. One of the reasons for this level of hobby is that satisfied staff is accounted for as conferred laborers and responsibility is sign for organizational output and useful operations has been characterized in a wide range of ways. Some trust it is basically how content an individual is with his or her employment, at the end of the day, regardless of whether they like the occupation or individual perspectives or aspects of occupations, for example, nature of work or supervision. Others trust it is not all that shortsighted as this definition proposes and rather that multidimensional mental reactions to one's employment are involved. Researchers have additionally noticed that job satisfaction measures shift in the degree to which they quantify sentiments about the job (affective job satisfaction). or comprehensions about the occupation (cognitive job satisfaction) (Anwar & Surarchith, 2015).

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research was carried out at the three different private universities. A quantitative method was used to gather relevant information regarding the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Design of the study
The researcher used a questionnaire in order to collect data about the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The questionnaire was composed of two sections. The first section consisted of demographic questions, starting with the respondent's age, gender, level of education, years of experience in respondent's current position, respondent's position. The second section of the questionnaire consisted of questions to measure the organizational commitment and its relationship with job satisfaction in private universities in Kurdistan and particularly in Erbil.

Procedures Used for Generating, Collecting and Evaluating Data
The researcher gathered data for the study through distributing questionnaires as primary data. The questionnaire is prepared and distributed to the employees at three different private universities. Secondary data is needed for conducting research work, which is done by collecting it from recent academic articles, books and previous studies related to the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Sampling size and target population
A random sampling method was adopted to collect data, where all the departments and employees in three different private universities will have equal chances of being selected from the sample group. For X private university the researchers distributed 60 questionnaires, but the researchers received 52 questionnaires being completed properly, the researchers distrusted 60 questionnaires at Y private University but the researchers received 54 questionnaires being completed properly and the researchers distributed 60 questionnaires at Z private university, but the researchers received 51 questionnaires being completed properly. The sample size is 157 employees participated in this research from three different private universities in Erbil.

Instrument for measuring (scales)
The questionnaire is structured in the form of multiplechoice questions. The participants were asked to rate how strongly they agree on each item on a five-points Likert order scale. The questionnaire is designed and adapted from the resources. The questionnaire adopted from different sources.

IV.
DATA ANALYSIS

Demographic analysis
It was found that the number of participant's age that helped us to solve the questioners which was between (18 and +60) which they were 157 participants, 45 of them were between (18-29) which makes %28.7, 63 of them were between (30-39) which makes %40.1 and 30 of them were between (40-49) which makes %19.1, 12 of those participants were between (50-51) that makes %7.1 and 6 of the participants were 60 and above which makes %4.5. It was found that the number of male and female participant that helped us to solve the questioners which was 157 participants, 117 of those were male which makes about %74.5 and 40 of them were females which makes about %25.5. It was found that the participant's level of education that helped us to solve the questioners and they were mostly in the field of business and management and they have degrees such as bachelor, master and PhD which they were 157 participants, 18 of them were having bachelor degree that makes about %11.5 and 90 of the participants were having master's degree and that makes %57.3, 49 of them were having PhD and that makes %31.2. It was found that the number of participant's Hassan Mahmood Aziz et al.

Journal of Humanities and Education Development (JHED) 3(3)-2021
https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed year of experience that helped us to solve the questioners which was between (1 and +16) which they were 157 participant, 30 of them were between (0-1) which makes %1901, 66 of them were between (1 -5) years which makes %42 and 30 of them were between (6 -10) years which makes %19.1, 24 of those participants were between (11 -15) years of experience that makes %15.3 and 7 of the participants were 16+years of experience which makes %4.5. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they are unhappy to spent the rest of their life with their organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.57 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they are unhappy to talk about their organizations outside of the organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.99 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they are unhappy because organizations problem increasing their problem of the organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 3.08 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics result, we have found that the employees are seeing the organization as their own family not because of the commitment to the organization but because of the friendship of the organization members. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they don't see that the organization has any sentimental value and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.20 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they don't feel sense of belonging to the organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.51 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are continuously committee to the organization because they are afraid of losing their job and this result which was answered positively according to 3.54 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they feel that it would be hard to leave the organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.84 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we have found that the employees are not committed to their organizations and they don't feel that their life is going to be disrupted if they leave their organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.39 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are normatively committed to the organization because the they feel necessity as much as desire to stay at the organization and this result which was answered positively according to 3.09 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are continuously committed to the organization because the they don't have other options to leave the organization and this result which was answered positively according to 3.24 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are continuously committed to the organization because the consequences of leaving this organization would be scarcity of available alternatives. This result which was answered positively according to 3.09 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are not satisfied in the organization because of this people move from one organization to another too often This result which was answered positively according to 3.09 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are affectively committed to the organization because most nearly all of the employees think that they should be loyal to the organization and This result which was answered positively according to 4.36 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are continuously committed to the organization because One of the major reasons I continue to work for this organization is that leaving would require considerable personal sacrifice-(another organization may not match the overall benefit I have here) and This result which was answered negatively according to 2.46 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are unhappy and not satisfied to the organization because most of the employees are not satisfied and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.46 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are continuously committed to the organization because they think that it's not ethical to leave the organization and this result which was answered negatively according to 2.57 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants. According to our statistics results, we found that the employees are affectively committed to the organization because they think that they should be loyal to the organization and this result which was answered positively according to 3.21 mean of the statistics which was answered by 157 participants

V. CONCLUSION
This research investigated the relationship between employees' commitment and job satisfaction in private university's in Erbil. In KRG job satisfaction of the workers relies more upon the continuance commitment of employees. It demonstrates a positive indication of the employees revealing the attachment and commitment of employees to the organization. According to multiple regression analysis employees are committed to their job because of remuneration and lack of alternatives. Also, the results revealed that all three independent factors are correlated with job satisfaction. The result can be used as a guiding method for the university's management to increase their employees' commitment. Job satisfaction has a positive relation with employee commitment if employees are satisfied, they are organizationally committed we found that job satisfaction has a positive impact on employee commitment, it is really important for job satisfaction that employees are committed, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the levels of employees of public sector satisfaction with job dimensions and perceived organizational commitment in public sector in Shkoder, Albania. In addition, the study aimed at exploring to what extent these employees are committed to their job and satisfied with different dimensions to their job. A surveybased descriptive research design was used. The study was carried on public administrative sector, The current findings of a low level of satisfaction with promotion, and a strong positive correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, suggest that improving this facet could lead to an improvement in organizational commitment in this sample.